A hybrid vehicle uses two sources of power: a gasoline or diesel engine and an electric propulsion system.

This combination allows the vehicle to operate more efficiently than a conventional car, especially in city driving with frequent stops and starts.

There are several types: 1.

**Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) or 'Full Hybrid':** The electric motor can power the car at low speeds.

The battery is recharged by the engine and through regenerative braking.

It does not plug in.

This is the most common type.

2.

**Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV):** This has a larger battery that can be recharged by plugging into an external power source.

It offers a significant all-electric range (e.

g.

, 30-50 miles) before the gasoline engine takes over.

This is ideal for short daily commutes on electric power, with the engine as a backup for long trips.

3.

**Mild Hybrid (MHEV):** The electric motor is smaller and cannot power the car on its own.

It mainly assists the engine during acceleration and allows for a smoother start-stop system, providing a modest fuel economy benefit.

The main benefit of hybrids is reduced fuel consumption and lower emissions compared to ICE vehicles, without the 'range anxiety' associated with pure EVs.

They serve as an excellent transitional technology for fleets moving towards electrification.